How did I create this image

Camera: Canon EOS 5DS R

Lens: Canon EF100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II USM, with a focal length at 400 mm

f/11, 1/80 second, ISO 1600

Participants to my photo workshops often ask me about my thought process when I shoot. In this case the first thing I noticed, while walking in the forest, were the red berries and green foliage. When we look at a photograph or a painting, our eyes are unconsciously attracted to elements in red in the overall composition. In addition, red and green are opposite to each other in the wheel of colour, they are complementary colours like blue and orange, and yellow and violet. The use of complementary colours in photography creates a bold image.

My next step consisted of framing my subject so I moved around it to find the best angle. Should I look down, look up, be at eye-level, where is the light coming from? I also took into consideration distracting elements such as bright areas, leading lines, branches, damaged foliage, etc. I chose a telephoto lens to isolate my subject and I used a tripod for stability. Next I thought about the mood of my image and determined the depth of field, aperture and shutter speed. I chose to underexpose by one full stop. I also used a polarizing filter to suppress the reflection of light on the shiny surface of the berries.

In conclusion, I prefer to take my time in the field than spending hours in front of my computer screen trying to fix my mistakes. Afterall I love nature much more than my computer!

If you would like to learn more about my photo workshops, please contact me. I will be more than happy to help you hone your skills in nature and wildlife photography.

Finding your composition

I used four different methods for these photos. When I find a subject, I take the time to think about how I want to represent it. Do I want to isolate it from its environment by using a short depth of field or by framing it closely or on the contrary do I want to place it in its environment with a wide depth of field and framing it in full? I also look for a unique composition.

Subject in its environment

Vertical format, use of a telephoto lens to isolate the subject and eliminate distracting elements like branches, the colour of the leaves pops against the brown bark of the trees and the light blue background makes it all stand out.

f/5.6 ISO1250 1/20 second

Horizontal format, use of a telephoto lens to isolate the subject, large depth of field, subject off centre, the subject stands out against the darker background and the yellow grass.

f/9 ISO3200 1/50 second

Close-up

Close-up to eliminate distracting elements and use of complementary colours (red and green) to create a bold effect.

f/9 ISO3200 1/50 second

Close-up to eliminate distracting elements and long exposure to blur the leaves and give the impression of movement.

f/18 ISO200 1/2 second

The best way to learn is to practice in the field with a professional. I invite you to register for my workshop Fall Colors on Vancouver Island from 12 to 15 October 2023. We will spend three days in the field, entirely dedicated to nature and wildlife photography. You’ll have my full attention by being part of a small group of 5 people. This is a popular workshop, sign up early!

Learn more about the depth of field

A narrow depth of field isolates the subject. It makes it stand out against a blurred background because the viewer’s eye is naturally attracted by a sharp subject. For this close-up of a deer, I opted for a telephoto lens (focal length of 400 mm) and a large aperture of f/5.6. Note that a fast shutter speed also narrows the depth of field.

Canon EOS 5DS R - Lens Canon EF 100-400 mm f/4.505.6L IS II USM

f/5.6 for 1/200 second and 1600 ISO, focal length 400 mm

A wide depth of field put the subject into context. The entire picture is sharp so the viewer tends to look at the subject in relation to its surroundings. Here I wanted to show the old-growth tree stump in relation to the forest and mountains in the background. So I opted for a wide-angle lens (focal length of 70 mm) and a smaller aperture of f/11.

Canon EOS 5DS R - Lens Canon EF 24-70 mm f/2.8L II USM

f/11 for 1/30 second and 400 ISO, focal length 70 mm

Learn more about the triangle of exposure

Long exposure, wide depth of field: f/11 for 1/8 second, ISO200

The word photography comes from the ancient Greek: photos (light). Understanding and mastering exposure is therefore essential in the art of photography. The shutter speed, the (diaphragm) aperture and the ISO are the three elements, which form the triangle of exposure.

The shutter speed is determined by how long the shutter stays open. The sensor in digital cameras will capture more light when the shutter stays open longer. A slow shutter speed (for example 1/10 second) can be used in low-light environment or to create a motion blur (waterfalls, rain streaks) while a fast shutter speed (for example 1/1000 second) is used to freeze a movement like a bird in flight.

Fast exposure, short depth of field: f/5.6 for 1/800 second, ISO1250

The aperture (f/N) is short for diaphragm aperture. A small aperture like f/22 does not allow a lot of light to pass through the lens, however it provides a wide depth of field and is commonly used in landscape photography. A big aperture like f/5.6 lets more light pass through the lens and it also provides a narrow or short depth of field.

The ISO is related to the film sensitivity to light or image sensor’s sensitivity to light on digital cameras. On a sunny day, photographers typically use a low ISO (100) but in low-light situation (overcast day, night), they increase the ISO. Note that a high ISO (3,200 or more) will create noise in your image (grainy veil).

Depth of field - Profondeur de champs

Depth of field

I chose to photograph the back of this flower because I wanted to create an original portrait so I used a different perspective than the classic image of flowers. In order to have a blurry background, I used a narrow depth of field by opting for a large aperture of f/5.6. To demonstrate the depth of field in a composition, I took a second shot with a smaller aperture of f/14: we can see more details in the background because the depth of field is wider.

f/5.6, 1/500 second, ISO2000

Canon EOS 5DS R - Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM

f/14, 1/80 second, ISO2000

Profondeur de champs

J’ai choisi de photographier l’arrière de cette fleur parce que je voulais créer un portrait original, j’ai donc utilisé une perspective différente que la photo classique de fleurs. Pour avoir l’arrière-plan flou, j’ai réduit la profondeur de champs en optant pour une ouverture de diaphragme élevée de f/5.6. Afin de démontrer la profondeur de champs dans une composition, j’ai pris une deuxième photo avec une ouverture de diaphragme réduite de f/14 : on voit plus de détails en arrière-plan car la profondeur de champs est plus large.

Introducing Creative Nature Photography online course

I am happy to announce my two-part online course Creative Nature Photography (courses are available in English and in French). If you are looking to improve your creative skills, this is the course for you. Divided in two parts: Composition and Wildlife Photography, the course covers keys elements of composition, use of light, shutter speed, preparation for a field trip, encounters with wildlife and so much more.

The presentation is given on Zoom so you can ask your questions after the lecture and interact with our small group of 10 people maximum.

You are not left on your own with a video and reading material.

The first part of the course in English starts on Tuesday 23 February. The course in French starts on 24 February. I have classes scheduled in the morning and in the evening to accommodate you no matter your time zone.

Sign up today for one part only, or save $10 by signing up for both parts.

Photo Technique: What is the triangle of exposure?

It allows you to control the exposure by setting up the shutter speed, lens aperture and ISO based on the intended mood of your photograph. A slow shutter speed will change rain or snow in streaks; it can also be used to isolate the subject. A small lens aperture gives a wide depth of field, where all elements of the image are in focus. Low ISO can be used for a long exposure.

Slow shutter speed

Small lens aperture

Photo Technique: What makes a compelling image?

Many factors are to be considered but professional photographers, photo editors and jury members on photo competitions agree that what makes a compelling image is a unique perspective on the subject, sharpness and good composition. How to create a good composition? Keep it simple! Isolate your subject by getting rid of distracting elements, determine your source of light and use the elements of design: lines, pattern, shape and texture.

Photo Technique: Depth of Field

A narrow depth of field isolates the subject. It makes it stand out against a blurred background because the viewer’s eye is naturally attracted by a sharp subject. A wide depth of field put the subject into context. The entire picture is sharp so the viewer tends to look at the subject in relation to its surroundings.

Narrow depth of field

Wide depth of field

Narrow depth of field

Wide depth of field

Photo Technique: : How to obtain maximum focus?

Use a small aperture such as f/16, low ISO, make sure the back of your camera is parallel to your subject and use your tripod.

The Basics of Photography

Composition, exposure, shutter speed, ISO, aperture, opening up, spotlighting, centre-weighted meter: you might be familiar with some of these terms but it’s not always obvious how to adjust your camera accordingly. I offer half-day and multi-days workshops to help you understand and practice the fundamentals of photography. Once you master the basics, you’ll be able to take manual control of your camera and get better results.

All my workshops are given in the field for a hands-on experience. Get in touch so we can arrange for a workshop.

Triangle of exposure

Three elements constitute the triangle of exposure: aperture, shutter speed and ISO:

• Aperture (f/N): light passing through the lens

• Shutter speed: how long the shutter stays open

• ISO: image sensor’s sensitivity to light

A small aperture (i.e. f/16) gives a deep depth of field and is usually used for landscape.

A fast shutter speed (i.e. 1/1000 sec) is used to freeze motion, like birds in flight or action shots. It also gives a shallow depth of field.

A slow shutter speed (i.e. 1/4 sec) is great for motion blur like milky water effect or rain streaks. Slow shutter speed is also used for night photography or poorly lit areas. In any case, a tripod is highly recommended for long exposures.

Before you adjust the aperture, shutter speed and ISO on your camera, you need to ask yourself: What effect do I wish to create? What is the mood of my image? What am I trying to tell?

Use the light meter in your camera to help you get the proper exposure. Light is measured in Exposure Value (EV) and typically displays in cameras from - 3 EV to + 3 EV

-3 _____ -2 _____ -1 _____ ∆ _____ 1 _____ 2 _____ 3

under exposed correct expo. over exposed

Once you’ve taken your shot, check the histogram and readjust your exposure if necessary.

Time to practice. Let me know how it goes!

f/13, ISO 200, 1/25 sec

f/5.6, ISO 800, 1/500 s

f/11, ISO 100, 1 sec

f/5.6, ISO 800, 1/800 s

f/9, ISO 800, 1/30 s